History+of+the+internet

=History of the internet:=

Timeline:

 * 1957** The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response, the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. (http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml)


 * 1969** - The first node is connected to the internet's military ancestor, ARPANET. With no HQ and the ability to bounce messages between surviving nodes until they reach their destination, ARPANET was intended to be America's bomb-proof communications network at the height of the Cold War. (http://www.sean.co.uk/a/science/history_of_the_internet.shtm)

The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was renamed The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (or DARPA) ARPANET was currently using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to transfer data. This allowed communications between hosts running on the same network. (http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml)
 * 1972** The first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN.


 * 1973**-- **Global Networking becomes a reality**
 * First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)
 * Ethernet outlined -- this how local networks are basically connected today.
 * Internet ideas started.
 * Gateway architecture sketched on back of envelope in hotel lobby in San Francisco. Gateways define how large networks (maybe of different architecture) can be connected together.
 * File Transfer protocol specified -- how computers send and receive data.


 * 1977**-- **E-mail takes off, Internet becomes a reality**
 * Number of hosts breaks 100.
 * THEORYNET provides electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a locally developed E-mail system and TELENET for access to server).
 * Mail specification
 * First demonstration of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/SATNET operation of Internet protocols over gateways.
 * 1986**-- **Power of Internet Realised**
 * 5, 000 Hosts. 241 News groups.
 * NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56 Kbps)
 * NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing power for all -- This allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities.
 * Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) designed to enhance Usenet news performance over TCP/IP.


 * 1987**-- **Commercialisation of Internet Born**
 * Number of hosts 28,000.
 * UUNET is founded with Usenix funds to provide commercial UUCP and Usenet access.

Merit, IBM and MCI formed a not for profit corporation called ANS, Advanced Network & Services, which was to conduct research into high speed networking. It soon came up with the concept of the T3, a 45 Mbps line. NSF quickly adopted the new network and by the end of 1991 all of its sites were connected by this new backbone.
 * 1990**


 * 1992**
 * The Internet Society was shared
 * World-Wide Web was shared by CERN.

No major changes were made to the physical network. The most significant thing that happened was the growth. Many new networks were added to the NSF backbone. Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were added to the INTERNET during this time period.
 * 1994**

a wireless technology called 802.11b, more commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, is standardized. Over the years that follow, this technology begins appearing as a built-in feature of portable computers and many handheld devices.
 * 1999**

//[students: please fill this section in with a comprehensive timeline of important milestones in the history and evolution of the internet]//

Links:
[]

[]

http://www.sean.co.uk/a/science/history_of_the_internet.shtm

http://www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/history/

http://websearch.about.com/od/whatistheinternet/a/usewww.htm

http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/davemarsh-timeline-1.htm

http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

//[students: please fill this section in with links to websites and resources you find dealing with the history of the internet]//

Analysis:

//[students: Work together to draft a comprehensive analysis of the significance of the events listed above in the timeline. Be sure to cite any works you quote.]//